Borna disease virus in

Vet Rec. Demonstration of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy horses in Japan. Demonstration of borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from domestic cats in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. Borna disease--neuropathology and pathogenesis. Axonal transport of Borna disease virus along olfactory pathways in spontaneously and experimentally infected rats. Med Microbiol Immunol.

Human infections with Borna disease virus and potential pathogenic implications. Borna disease virus genome transcribed and expressed in psychiatric patients. Nat Med. First isolates of infectious human Borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry. Demonstration of human Borna disease virus RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

FEBS Lett. Prevalence of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood donors. Demonstration of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from Japanese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Borna disease virus in peripheral blood mononuclear and bone marrow cells of neonatally and chronically infected rats.

J Neuroimmunol. Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: evidence that intra-axonal spread is the major route for virus dissemination and the determinant for disease incubation. A neural substrate of hyperactivity in borna disease: changes in brain dopamine receptors. Learning deficiencies in Borna disease virus-infected but clinically healthy rats. Biol Psychiatry.

Borna disease: association with a maturation defect in the cellular immune response. Behavior alterations in tree shrews Tupaia glis, Diard induced by Borna disease virus.

Borna disease in rhesus monkeys as a models for uveo-cerebral symptoms. J Med Virol. Detection of serum antibodies to Borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders. Detection of Borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with affective disorders by western immunoblot technique. J Affect Disord. Borna disease virus infection and affective disorders in man. Arch Virol Suppl. A novel marker for Borna disease virus infection. Early and persistent abnormalities in rats with neonatally acquired Borna disease virus infection.

Disturbances of equilibrium. Diagnosis of Equine Borna Disease The diagnosis is based on: Serological tests and isolation of the virus from the brain of the animals that die or are destroyed. Tests for serum antibodies are helpful only if positive. The CF test, in particular, may be falsely negative in infected animals. Indirect Immunofluorescent neurology of the CSF is a better method.

The CSF tends to contain more significant amounts of antibodies than the serum, especially if the infection has been present for more than 14 days. Treatment of Borna Disease in Horses No specific treatment is available. A cisternal puncture can achieve the same effect. Adrenocortical hormones can be given to reduce inflammation. Prophylaxis and Prevention of Borna Disease The preventive measures of Equine Borna Disease are: Prophylaxis vaccination should be considered in areas where Borna disease is epizootic.

The live vaccine of Zwick Hahn derived from the brain of an infected rabbit is commonly used. Immunity develops following three weeks of subcutaneous injection of 10ml dose. Since the BVD vaccine contains a live virus, it should be given only in epizootic areas.

Foals less than one-year-old and mares in late pregnancy should not be vaccinated. Horses between 1 to 2 years old, ponies, and donkeys are given a half dose. Horses, sheep, and giants should be housed separately.

Horses from enzootic areas should be quarantined for two months and tested serologically for specific antibodies in paired tests conducted one month apart. Related Post. A horse is an expensive purchase; hence horse insurance should always be considered. Furthermore, there is a need to cover the costs of illness, Read more. If you know what is normal for a horse, you will be quicker to recognize when something is wrong.

Careful daily observation is the Choke in horse is correctly called an esophageal obstruction and describes the situation where food becomes lodged within the gullet or esophagus. The horse Horse first aid is the initial help given following injury or illness.

Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here. You have entered an incorrect email address! Latest Post. Furthermore, there is a need to Mange in cats is one of the most common and notorious skin diseases of feline. The disease is caused If you know what is normal for a horse, you will be quicker to recognize when something is wrong Viral infections of the CNS are often difficult to diagnose because conventional viral and serologic laboratory methods are still unsatisfactory.

Existing standard techniques are either insensitive and slow virus culture or highly invasive and rare brain biopsy and, therefore, are unsatisfactory as a measure for the accuracy of a new technique such as PCR or RT-PCR Furthermore, the methods used by the laboratories conducting sera or CSF analysis for BDV-specific antibodies in animals and humans urgently need further standardization.

Studies of the epizootiology and epidemiology of BDV infections in the last decade underscore the importance of BD as an emerging zoonosis. Data clearly indicate that BDV or an analogous virus can also infect humans. Therefore, humans belong to the wide spectrum of animal species, from birds to mammals, that are susceptible to BDV infections. The question of whether BDV infections in humans contribute to human neuropsychiatric disorders remains unsolved.

A convincing argument might be the significantly increased BDV-seroprevalence in psychiatric patients compared with healthy controls. That some mentally or neurologically healthy persons are BDV seropositive does not contradict this hypothesis, since the natural infection in horses remains subclinical in most cases and experimental intracerebral application of BDV into highly susceptible animals does not always result in clinical disease Rott, pers.

In addition, epizootiologic studies suggest that BDV is not highly contagious since only individual horses within a stable succumb to clinical disease. Similarly, analysis of a possible horizontal transmission of BDV within family members and spouses of approximately BDV-seropositive neuropsychiatric patients showed only few cases of coincident onset of mental or neurologic disorders within 1 year. Depending on the virus strain and the host, BDV can induce in animals a variety of clinical manifestations, from inapparent infections, behavioral abnormalities, obesity, fertility problems to fatal neurologic disease.

Animals frequently show behavioral abnormalities during the course of the disease. This was very obvious when tree shrews Tupaia glis , classified phylogenetically at the root of primates, were infected with BDV. Here, mainly disturbances in social behavior and severe apathy were observed.

In contrast, an unequivocal classification of a definite psychiatric disease with BDV infections in humans is at present not possible. To establish the etiologic role of BDV infections in human psychiatric symptoms, the following findings must be considered: symptomatology of BD in animals is highly variable depending upon many factors such as age, immune status, and strain of the animal used for infection, in addition to the genetic makeup of the virus; psychiatric symptomatology is nonspecific 78 even for known genetic causes, which has represented a major problem for research investigating known neuropsychiatric disorders caused by infectious agents.

Despite the similarities in BDV infections of animals and humans, additional future molecular, seroepidemiologic, and clinical studies will be required to substantiate the possible contribution of BDV to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

His current research topic is molecular pathogenesis of Borna disease virus infections. Table of Contents — Volume 3, Number 3—September Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:.

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The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Figure 1 Figure 2. Table 1 Table 2. Article Metrics. Abstract The geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease BD , a fatal neurologic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought.

Natural and Experimental Infection. Natural Infection Extensive epizootiologic studies in horses have shown that BD is rare but occurs all over Germany, extending beyond the classic disease-endemic regions 28 - Experimental Infection BDV can be experimentally transmitted to a wide variety of animal species, from chickens to nonhuman primates 1 , 8 , 19 , 20 , Figure 1 Figure 1.

Figure 2 Figure 2. This paper is dedicated to Prof. Hermann Becht on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Zwick W. Bornasche Krankheit und Encephalomyelitis der Tiere. Handbuch der Viruserkrankungen. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena; Mayr A , Danner K. Production of Borna virus in tissue culture. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. PubMed Google Scholar. Borna disease BD , a slow virus infection--biological properties of the virus.

Med Microbiol Immunol Berl. Herzog S , Rott R. Replication of Borna disease virus in cell cultures. Behavioral disease in rats caused by immunopathological responses to persistent Borna virus in the brain. J Exp Med. J Gen Virol. Clin Infect Dis. Isolation and characterization of Borna disease agent cDNA clones. A Borna virus cDNA encoding a protein recognized by antibodies in humans with behavioral diseases. Analysis of Borna disease virus-specific RNAs in infected cells and tissues.

Analysis of virus-specific RNA species and proteins in Freon preparations of the Borna disease virus. Arch Virol. Sequence and genome organization of Borna disease virus. J Virol. Molecular biology of Borna disease virus: prototype of a new group of animal viruses. The remarkable coding strategy of Borna disease virus: a new member of the nonsegmented negative strand RNA viruses.

Heinig A. Die Bornasche Krankheit der Pferde und Schafe. In: Roehrer H, editor. Handbuch der Virusin-fektionen bei Tieren. Rott R , Becht H. Natural and experimental Borna disease in animals. Borna disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.

Becht H , Richt JA. In: Studdert MJ, editor. Virus diseases of equines. Borna-like disease of ostriches in Israel. Borna Disease. Detection of a novel Borna disease virus encoded protein of 10 kilodalton in infected cells and tissues. In press. Characterization of a Borna disease virus glycoprotein, gp Antigenic relationship and further characterization of two major Borna disease virus proteins.

Purification and properties of an intranuclear virus-specific antigen from tissues infected with Borna disease virus. Biochemical and functional analysis of the borna disease virus G protein. Characterization of Borna disease virus p56 protein, a surface glycoprotein involved in virus entry. Current knowledge about Borna disease. In: Nakajima H, Plowright W, editors. Equine infectious diseases VII.

Virus Res. Vet Rec. Verh Erkr Zootiere. Demonstration of Borna disease virus-specific RNA in secretions of naturally infected horses by the polymerase chain reaction.

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