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Conversely, we noticed an important drawback of ArchJava that might become a showstopper for realistically sized projects. Unfortunately, unless the ArchJava compiler largely improves its file generation algorithm, this setting is bound to be a dependency nightmare. For example, if you change, say, an output port of :LGJHW, the components connected to its input ports are affected as well.

By comparison, the multiple-files approach in our equivalent Java project natu- rally allows minimal recompilation whenever an interface is changed. While it was obviously not a problem with a toy project like Capitalize, the scal- ing problem might become overkill for many real-world projects, where compilation from scratch is measured in hours. For such projects, good incremental compilation is instrumental to rapid development, and currently ArchJava does not support it.

Benefit Analysis of ArchJava This section contains some number comparisons in terms of lines of code, as well as our subjective experience in reading, understanding, and writing ArchJava code. Overall, our experience with ArchJava is that it considerably increases expres- siveness in implementing architectures of a certain nature — specifically, cascaded inter- connected components.

The communication between various components is clearer and safer. ArchJava enforces excellent communication integrity, thus facilitating the under- standing of complex interconnected components. Our general impression about ArchJava was that its component architecture with its artifacts ports, port interfaces, connections and such is an excellent feature with a large range of applicability.

Speed Analysis We measured the speed of the ArchJava-generated code versus the speed of our equivalent Java program. Before stating the conclusions of that comparison, please allow us to make a couple of prefatory observations on measuring speed and comparisons in general.

When comparing two different programs, it is important that apples are compared with apples. Otherwise, the results of the measurements are biased and hide important differences on other dimensions than sheer performance. For example, we should not compare the performance of an ArchJava project with the performance of a functionally equivalent program, especially tuned for speed while completely throwing out the window any maintainability or modularity.

This being said, we were glad to notice that ArchJava does not exact a significant price in speed. The overhead ratio increased slightly with input size. You can see the results of the measurements summarized in the table below.

ArchJava We did have problems with installation, problems that pointed to bugs in the implementation, bugs promptly corrected by the developer. The language improvements made by ArchJava seemed coherent and nicely inte- grated with the rest of the Java language.

The compiler is, in our opinion, not ready for handling large projects with com- plex dependencies. This is a fundamental tension and what we believe to be the major conceptual drawback of ArchJava; only intricate file analysis and incremental compila- tion can address this problem satisfactorily. We should not forget than a Java program is also an ArchJava program. The architect of the system can intelligently combine ArchJava components with straight interface-based design to effec- tively manage the architecture of a system.

How to Cite: Bennouar, D. Journal of Computer Science , 2 11 , This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

However, existing approaches decouple implementation code from architecture, allowing inconsistencies, causing confusion, violating architectural properties, and inhibiting software evolution.

ArchJava is an extension to Java that seamlessly unifies software architecture with implementation, ensuring that the implementation conforms to architectural constraints. A case study applying ArchJava to a circuit-design application suggests that ArchJava can express architectural structure effectively within an implementation, and that it can aid in program understanding and software evolution.



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